BPCL Ankur
Corporate

BPCL Ankur

Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited

Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaEst. 2016

Bharat Petroleum's startup arm, Ankur, backs early-stage Indian startups through time-boxed cohorts of the BPCL Ankur Fund — currently between intakes.

1Program

BPCL Ankur at a glance

Part ofBharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
Established2016
AddressBharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Bharat Bhavan – III, Ballard Estate, Fort, Mumbai 400 001
Programmes4 standing programmes
Stages supportedPrototype, MVP, Early revenue
FeesFree — all 4 programmes that state a fee policy
Equity1 of 4 programmes that state a policy take no equity
Official websitestartup.bpcl.in
Emailstartup@bpcl.in

Programs by BPCL Ankur

1 past program · Filter all programs

Past programs

आगे क्या?

यह काफ़ी पहले बंद हुआ था और हमें नहीं पता कि यह फिर चलेगा या नहीं। "मुझे बताएँ" दबाएँ, चलने पर हम ईमेल करेंगे।

Programs BPCL Ankur supports

Programs this organisation partners on, run by others. · 1 past program

Past programs

आगे क्या?

यह काफ़ी पहले बंद हुआ था और हमें नहीं पता कि यह फिर चलेगा या नहीं। "मुझे बताएँ" दबाएँ, चलने पर हम ईमेल करेंगे।

Which BPCL Ankur programme fits you

4 programmes compared by who they are for, the stage they accept, how long they run and what they cost.

By stage

Prototype
BPCL Ankur Fund, Elevate, Emerge
MVP
BPCL Ankur Fund, Elevate, Emerge
Early revenue
BPCL Ankur Fund, Elevate, Emerge
ProgrammeBest forStageDurationFormatCost
BPCL Ankur FundWith IDBI Capital Market & Securities Ltd.Early-stage Indian startups with a working solution relevant to oil, gas and energyPrototype – Early revenue—OnlineFree, takes equity
ElevateWith IDBI Capital Market & Securities Ltd.DPIIT-registered early-stage startups in green tech or in cybersecurity for energy operationsPrototype – Early revenue—OnlineFree, takes equity
EmergeWith IDBI Capital Market & Securities Ltd.DPIIT-registered early-stage startups in energy efficiency or city gas distributionPrototype – Early revenue—OnlineFree, takes equity
BPCL Startup Grand Slam Season #1Indian startups solving one of six named BPCL problem statements——OnlineFree, no equity

Track record

What BPCL Ankur reports about its portfolio.

Every figure here is BPCL's own, published without independent verification and dated by BPCL to August 2024. Its pages also do not reconcile — 25 startups in Phase I plus six through the Grand Slam is 31, while the counter says 30.

30Startups supportedBPCL's own counter, dated August 2024; its pages also break this down as 25 startups in Phase I plus six through the Grand Slam, which adds to 31.
1,600Jobs createdLabelled 'Employment Generated' on BPCL's counter strip and dated August 2024; it refers to the portfolio startups, not to BPCL.

All figures self-reported — startup.bpcl.in, as of Aug 2024.

Programmes they run

Standing programmes at BPCL Ankur, separate from the funding calls above.

Ankur takes applications only in cohorts, and no cohort is open. BPCL's banner says applications for Elevate are closed and asks founders to watch for the next one under the BPCL Ankur Fund. The closed cohorts below are kept because their themes and rules are the best guide to what the next call will look like. One caution: the Elevate cohort page itself still reads as though applications are open, contradicting the banner on the home and initiatives pages.

BPCL's fund for equity investments in early-stage startups, which takes applications only through named cohorts.

Best for: Early-stage Indian startups with a working solution relevant to oil, gas and energy

  • Prototype – Early revenue
  • Online
  • Free, takes equity

With IDBI Capital Market & Securities Ltd.

What you get, who can apply and how to apply

The BPCL Ankur Fund is the current route into Ankur. It invests in early-stage startups working in sectors tied to BPCL's business, taking equity or compulsorily convertible preference shares rather than giving a grant. It does not take applications all year: each intake is a named cohort with its own themes and its own closing date. Two have run so far — Emerge, which closed in April 2025, and Elevate, which closed in December 2025. BPCL's site currently says applications for Elevate are closed and asks founders to watch for upcoming cohorts.

What you get

  • An equity investment, made through equity or compulsorily convertible preference shares
  • Money released in tranches — the first on signing an agreement with BPCL or the BPCL Ankur Trust, later ones against review and a fund utilisation certificate vetted by a practising chartered accountant
  • Periodic review against agreed milestones
  • The chance to work with BPCL's own refining, marketing, gas and retail operations

Who can apply

  • Startups registered with DPIIT, holding a valid certificate of registration
  • Startups whose work sits inside BPCL's focus areas — refinery, marketing, upstream, gas, petrochemical, green energy, non-fuel and digital — or inside the running cohort's theme
  • Early-stage startups, which BPCL says includes seed-funded companies
  • Companies where the founders still hold more than 26 per cent of the equity
  • Teams with a proof of concept, prototype, minimum viable product or a fully implemented solution, in oil and gas or in another industry and ready to move into it

How selection works: a two-stage process. The first stage screens against the eligibility rules. The second scores innovativeness of the solution, team and startup credentials, solution and market size, and feasibility and viability. Shortlisted startups pitch to a committee, which makes the final investment decision subject to due diligence and valuation. IDBI Capital Market & Securities Ltd. has been BPCL's consultant on evaluation, diligence and post-investment monitoring for both cohorts so far.

How to apply: only online, and only while a cohort is open. Sign up on the BPCL startup site, log in, and use the Apply option to complete and submit the form. Save drafts as often as you need — the application counts only once it is in 'Submitted' status. Queries go to startup@bpcl.in.

Full BPCL Ankur Fund guide

Elevate

Programme

The second BPCL Ankur Fund cohort, on green tech and on cybersecurity for energy operations — applications closed in December 2025.

Best for: DPIIT-registered early-stage startups in green tech or in cybersecurity for energy operations

  • Prototype – Early revenue
  • Online
  • Free, takes equity

With IDBI Capital Market & Securities Ltd.

What you get, who can apply and how to apply

Elevate was the BPCL Ankur Fund's second cohort. Applications closed on 16 December 2025 and BPCL now lists it as closed; its indicative plan put pitching in December 2025 and January 2026, diligence in January 2026 and the investment decision in February 2026. It is written up here because the themes show what BPCL is buying, and a later cohort is likely to look similar.

It ran on two themes. Green tech covered solar, wind and battery energy storage — with storage for electric mobility and automotive use specifically ruled out — plus carbon capture, utilisation and storage, green hydrogen production, storage, transport and use, and circular-economy work turning oil and gas by-products and residues into higher-value materials. Proposals in electronics, stationery, batteries, automotive equipment and water management were excluded. Cybersecurity and resilience for energy operations covered threat detection and intrusion prevention for OT and IT systems, data protection and encryption, data privacy compliance, fraud detection across customer interfaces, loyalty programmes, digital payments and supply chains, blockchain and transaction security, compliance and risk management, and AI-driven threat intelligence. Standalone financial or payment processing products were excluded, and BPCL said it wanted startups with prior experience delivering cybersecurity work.

Who could apply: DPIIT-registered startups working under one of the named theme categories, at early stage including seed funding, with founders holding more than 26 per cent of the equity.

How selection worked: eligibility screen, then scoring on innovativeness, team and startup credentials, solution and market size, and feasibility and viability, then a pitch to the investment committee with diligence and valuation to follow.

See the latest call

Emerge

Programme

The first BPCL Ankur Fund cohort, on energy efficiency and city gas distribution — applications closed in April 2025.

Best for: DPIIT-registered early-stage startups in energy efficiency or city gas distribution

  • Prototype – Early revenue
  • Online
  • Free, takes equity

With IDBI Capital Market & Securities Ltd.

What you get, who can apply and how to apply

Emerge was the inaugural cohort of the BPCL Ankur Fund. Applications closed on 22 April 2025, with pitching planned for May 2025, diligence in June and the investment decision in July. BPCL lists it as closed.

It ran on two themes. Energy efficiency covered process improvement across refining and marketing — predictive maintenance, AI-powered energy management, storage and terminal optimisation, pipeline efficiency, heat transfer optimisation, advanced process control and robotic process automation — and waste heat recovery and energy recycling. Innovation in city gas distribution covered the end-to-end CNG customer journey, last-mile connectivity for piped natural gas including smart metering, installation technology and billing, safety systems such as pipeline monitoring and leak detection using acoustics, SCADA or IoT, predictive maintenance and inspection tools, and AI-based project management for network build-out.

Who could apply: the same four rules as every cohort — DPIIT registration, work under the named theme categories, early stage including seed funding, and founders holding more than 26 per cent of the equity.

How selection worked: eligibility screen, then scoring on innovativeness, team and startup credentials, solution and market size, and feasibility and viability, then a pitch to the committee, with IDBI Capital Market & Securities Ltd. supporting evaluation and diligence.

Full Emerge guide

A one-off open innovation challenge launched in January 2020 around six BPCL problem statements; it has concluded and no second season has been announced.

Best for: Indian startups solving one of six named BPCL problem statements

  • Online
  • Free, no equity
  • Grant support for selected startups
What you get, who can apply and how to apply

Grand Slam was BPCL's open innovation challenge, launched in January 2020. BPCL put six of its own operating problems out as problem statements and invited Indian startups to solve them, with prize money and a collaboration with BPCL for the winners. The six problems spanned IoT, analytics, AI and machine learning, asset performance management, mobility, customer engagement and CRM.

The numbers BPCL publishes: 329 entries came in online, an evaluation panel of internal and external members picked 25 startups for the finals, and the finalists pitched at a virtual grand finale. Six won, one per problem statement — UptimeAI on energy optimisation at a refinery, Detect Technologies on refinery unit performance optimisation, Sociograph Solutions on customer experience at fuel stations, LitmusWorld on real-time retail customer feedback, SiSoC Semiconductor Technologies on IoT for pay-as-you-go LPG cylinders, and Lynkit Solutions on a business model for the commercial LPG business. The prize covered a paid proof of concept and running it for two years, and BPCL says all six have completed their proof of concept.

How to apply: it is closed. No Season #2 has been announced, and the live application route is the BPCL Ankur Fund cohort.

Full BPCL Startup Grand Slam Season #1 guide

Support services

Help offered alongside funding and space.

Market access

Selected startups work with BPCL's own operations — portfolio companies describe deployments in refineries, fuel stations and LPG distribution, and the Grand Slam winners were given a paid proof of concept run inside the business.

News

  • BPCL and CSE join hands to scale biofuels, waste-to-resource & circular economy solutionsindianchemicalnews.com · last month
  • BPCL Invites Deep-Tech Startups to Join MC² Plus Ignite; Funding Up to ₹2 Crorepsuconnect.in · 2 months ago
  • BPCL, MC2 Foundation Launch MC2+ IGNITE at IIT Madras to Support Energy Innovatorsindianmasterminds.com · 2 months ago
  • BPCL Launches MC2+ IGNITE at IIT Madras | Energy Startup Platformpsuconnect.in · 2 months ago

Source: Google News aggregated

How to apply to BPCL Ankur

अपना आवेदन कोहॉर्ट के अनुसार समय पर करें

BPCL कोहॉर्ट के बीच के समय में आवेदन स्वीकार नहीं करता। 2026 के सितंबर के अंत तक Elevate कोहॉर्ट बंद है और कोई नया कोहॉर्ट घोषित नहीं हुआ है, इसलिए साइट की अपनी सलाह, BPCL Ankur Fund के तहत अगला आह्वान देखते रहें, ही व्यावहारिक रास्ता है। कोहॉर्ट की खिड़कियाँ छोटी रही हैं: Emerge अप्रैल 2025 में बंद हुआ और Elevate दिसंबर 2025 में, दोनों कुछ हफ़्तों बाद। आह्वान खुलने से पहले BPCL स्टार्टअप साइट पर खाता बना लें, ताकि समय-सीमा के दिन जल्दबाज़ी न हो।

पहले चार स्थायी नियम जाँचें

ये चारों कठोर शर्तें (hard gates) हैं, और इनमें से तीन को जल्दी ठीक नहीं किया जा सकता:

  • वैध DPIIT पंजीकरण प्रमाण पत्र। इसके बिना आप पहली स्क्रीनिंग पार नहीं करेंगे।
  • संस्थापकों के पास मिलकर इक्विटी का 26 प्रतिशत से अधिक होना चाहिए। यदि आपने इतना फंड जुटाया है कि संस्थापकों की हिस्सेदारी उससे नीचे चली गई है, तो उत्पाद कैसा भी हो, आप बाहर हो जाते हैं।
  • प्रारंभिक चरण, जिसमें BPCL के अनुसार seed-funded कंपनियाँ शामिल हैं।
  • प्रासंगिकता: आपको BPCL के फ़ोकस क्षेत्रों में, या चल रहे कोहॉर्ट के विषय में होना चाहिए।

केवल विषय नहीं, विषय-श्रेणियाँ पढ़ें

हर कोहॉर्ट अपने विषयों को नामित श्रेणियों में बाँटता है, और उन श्रेणियों में स्पष्ट अपवर्जन होते हैं। Elevate के green tech विषय ने इलेक्ट्रिक मोबिलिटी या ऑटोमोटिव उपयोग के लिए बैटरी स्टोरेज को बाहर रखा, और electronics, stationery, batteries, automotive equipment और water management में प्रस्तावों को भी बाहर रखा। इसके cybersecurity विषय ने स्टैंडअलोन वित्तीय या भुगतान प्रसंस्करण उत्पादों को बाहर रखा और कहा कि ध्यान उन स्टार्टअपों पर है जिन्होंने पहले cybersecurity कार्य दिया हो। गलत श्रेणी के लिए दमदार पिच भी अस्वीकार हो जाती है, इसलिए कुछ लिखने से पहले अपने आप को श्रेणी के नाम से मिलाएँ।

एक काम करता हुआ चीज़ दिखाएँ, तेल और गैस में या उसके पास

फंड proof of concept, प्रोटोटाइप, minimum viable product या पूरी तरह लागू समाधान माँगता है। किसी और उद्योग से आना साफ़ तौर पर ठीक है, क्योंकि कोहॉर्ट के पेज उन स्टार्टअपों को आमंत्रित करते हैं जो तेल और गैस में विस्तार के लिए तैयार हैं। यदि आपके उत्पाद को refinery, terminal या गैस नेटवर्क के लिए अनुकूलित करना होगा, तो बताएँ कि उस अनुकूलन में क्या लगेगा, और उस प्रयास को अपनी माँग में शामिल करें, यह उम्मीद करते हुए नहीं कि वह नज़रअंदाज़ हो जाएगा।

मूल्यांकनकर्ता क्या आँकते हैं

पात्रता स्क्रीन के बाद दूसरा चरण चार चीज़ों पर अंक देता है: समाधान कितना नवीन है, टीम और स्टार्टअप की साख, समाधान और उसके बाज़ार का आकार, और व्यवहार्यता व आर्थिक सार्थकता। शॉर्टलिस्ट किए गए स्टार्टअप फिर एक समिति के सामने पिच करते हैं, जो निवेश का निर्णय लेती है, और उसके बाद due diligence और वैल्यूएशन होता है। आवेदन ऐसे लिखें कि इन चारों में से हर एक का स्पष्ट उत्तर हो, और एक पेशेवर diligence प्रक्रिया की उम्मीद रखें। अब तक के दोनों कोहॉर्ट के लिए यह प्रक्रिया IDBI Capital Market & Securities ने चलाई है।

कागज़ात पहले से तैयार रखें

अनिवार्य अपलोड सूची लंबी है और उसमें से कुछ तैयार करने में दिन लग जाते हैं: MOA और AOA, certificate of incorporation या LLPIN, जहाँ लागू हो वहाँ partnership deed या LLP agreement, PAN, DPIIT प्रमाण पत्र, एक cap table जिसे किसी अधिकृत हस्ताक्षरकर्ता ने तिथि तक हस्ताक्षरित और मुहरबंद किया हो, आपका logo, और एक नोट जिसमें प्रमुख टीम सदस्य, प्रतिस्पर्धी परिदृश्य, पेटेंट और पुरस्कार, संबंधित परियोजनाएँ, और अगले दो वर्षों की क्रियान्वयन व growth योजना हो। वैकल्पिक जोड़ें, जैसे GST प्रमाण पत्र, तीन वर्ष के audited financials, MSME पंजीकरण और TIN, यदि आपके पास हों तो इन्हें शामिल करना उपयोगी है।

मील के पत्थरों वाले पैसे की योजना बनाएँ

फंड किस्तों में जारी होता है। पहली किस्त हस्ताक्षरित एग्रीमेंट के बाद आती है; उसके बाद की हर किस्त समीक्षा और एक practising chartered accountant द्वारा जाँचे गए fund utilisation certificate पर निर्भर करती है। सहमत मील के पत्थरों के विरुद्ध प्रदर्शन की समय-समय पर समीक्षा होती है। उस रिपोर्टिंग के बोझ को अपनी योजना में शामिल करें, और ऐसे मील के पत्थर तय करें जिन्हें आप वास्तव में प्रमाणित कर सकें।

About BPCL Ankur

Ankur is the startup initiative of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL), run from the company's office at Bharat Bhavan III in Ballard Estate, Mumbai. BPCL launched it in 2016 as part of the Government of India's Startup India initiative, and named it after the Hindi word for 'sprout'. It is not an incubator and it does not run rolling applications: outside founders get in through named cohorts that open for a limited period, are judged by a committee, and then close.

The programme has changed shape once. In its first phase Ankur gave grant funding to startups working in sectors tied to BPCL's own business. BPCL has since set up the BPCL Ankur Fund, which makes equity investments instead, and the two cohorts run under that fund so far have been equity rounds rather than grants.

How the cohorts work

Each cohort is announced with its own themes, its own deadline and its own set of theme categories. The first cohort, Emerge, ran to a deadline in April 2025 on the themes of energy efficiency and innovation in city gas distribution. The second, Elevate, ran to a deadline in December 2025 on green tech and on cybersecurity and resilience for energy operations. Applications for Elevate are now closed, and BPCL's site asks founders to stay tuned for upcoming cohorts under the BPCL Ankur Fund.

Selection runs in two stages. The first is a screen against the eligibility rules. The second scores the innovativeness of the solution, the team and startup credentials, the solution and its market size, and feasibility and viability. Startups that get through pitch to a committee, which makes the final investment decision subject to due diligence and valuation. For both the Emerge and Elevate cohorts, IDBI Capital Market & Securities Ltd. acted as BPCL's consultant on evaluation, due diligence and post-investment monitoring.

Money is released in tranches, not in one go. The first tranche follows the signing of an agreement between the startup and BPCL or the BPCL Ankur Trust. Later tranches depend on a review of progress and of how earlier money was used, and the startup has to file a fund utilisation certificate vetted by a practising chartered accountant. Performance is reviewed periodically against agreed milestones.

Who can apply

BPCL publishes four standing eligibility rules that apply across cohorts. The startup must be registered with the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) and hold a valid certificate of registration. It must work within the sectors tied to BPCL's business areas, or match the theme of the cohort that is running — and where a cohort is built around problem statements, the startup has to propose a solution to one of them. It must be early stage, which BPCL says includes seed-funded companies. And the founders must hold more than 26 per cent of the equity in the startup.

The cohort pages add a product test on top of that: the fund invites startups that already have a proof of concept, a prototype, a minimum viable product, or a fully implemented solution — either in oil and gas, or in another industry and now ready to move into oil and gas. Startups that would need to customise their product for the sector are told to build that effort into what they ask for.

BPCL's published focus areas are refinery, marketing, upstream, gas, petrochemical, green energy, non-fuel and digital.

How to apply

There is one route, and it is online. Founders sign up on the BPCL startup website, log in with the credentials they generate, and use the Apply option to fill in and submit the application form for the open cohort. An application only counts once it is in 'Submitted' status; drafts can be saved as often as needed before that. Applicants upload a pitch deck and company background along with mandatory documents — memorandum and articles of association, certificate of incorporation or LLPIN, partnership deed or LLP agreement where relevant, PAN, the DPIIT registration certificate, a signed and stamped cap table, the company logo, and supporting information on the team, competition, patents and the growth plan for the next two years. GST registration, three years of audited financials, MSME registration and TIN are optional. Application status can be checked from the My Applications section after logging in.

Track record

BPCL says Ankur has supported 30 startups since 2016, of which 26 were active and about 1,600 jobs had been generated, on figures the company dated to August 2024. Its named portfolio includes Detect Technologies, UptimeAI, Maximl Labs, Lynkit, Planys Technologies, Genrobotic Innovations, IROV Technologies, Breathe Applied Sciences, Aerostrovilos Energy and Sastra Robotics. Several of them describe work that ended up running inside BPCL's own refineries and retail operations. BPCL has also signed memoranda of understanding with IIM Kozhikode, KIIT Bhubaneswar, IIT Madras and BCKIC, the Bhubaneswar City Knowledge Innovation Cluster.

Questions and contact

Queries go to the Ankur team at startup@bpcl.in, or through the Contact Us form on the BPCL startup site. The photo gallery on the same site is the only events record BPCL publishes for the initiative; there is no separate careers page for it.

Get in touch

Send a message to BPCL Ankur — we'll forward it on your behalf.

Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Bharat Bhavan – III, Ballard Estate, Fort, Mumbai 400 001, 400001

0/2000

Your message will be forwarded to BPCL Ankur

Who they work with

Stage

Sectors

Technology

Tags

Notable alumni

Detect TechnologiesUptimeAIMaximl LabsLynkitPlanys TechnologiesGenrobotic InnovationsIROV TechnologiesBreathe Applied SciencesAerostrovilos EnergySastra RoboticsLitmusWorldSiSoC Semiconductor TechnologiesPrantae SolutionsWaferchips Techno Solutions

Frequently asked questions about BPCL Ankur

What is BPCL Ankur?

BPCL Ankur is a corporate based in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

What does BPCL Ankur do?

Ankur is the startup initiative of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL), run from the company's office at Bharat Bhavan III in Ballard Estate, Mumbai. BPCL launched it in 2016 as part of the Government of India's Startup India initiative, and named it after the Hindi word for 'sprout'.

Where is BPCL Ankur located?

BPCL Ankur is located at Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Bharat Bhavan – III, Ballard Estate, Fort, Mumbai 400 001.

What programs does BPCL Ankur run?

BPCL Ankur runs BPCL Ankur Fund, Elevate, Emerge and BPCL Startup Grand Slam Season #1.

Which BPCL Ankur programme should I apply to?

It depends on how far along your startup is. Prototype stage: BPCL Ankur Fund, Elevate and Emerge. MVP stage: BPCL Ankur Fund, Elevate and Emerge. Early revenue stage: BPCL Ankur Fund, Elevate and Emerge. Check the programme's own eligibility before applying — several programmes are sector-specific.

Do BPCL Ankur programmes charge a fee?

No. Every BPCL Ankur programme that states a fee policy is free to join, including BPCL Ankur Fund, Elevate, Emerge and BPCL Startup Grand Slam Season #1.

Does BPCL Ankur take equity?

It depends on the programme. BPCL Startup Grand Slam Season #1 take no equity, while BPCL Ankur Fund, Elevate and Emerge take equity.

Does BPCL Ankur provide funding?

Selected startups in some BPCL Ankur programmes can receive grant support, including BPCL Startup Grand Slam Season #1. Grant amounts are set per programme and cohort, and selection into a programme does not guarantee a grant — check the programme's own page for current terms.

What sectors does BPCL Ankur support?

BPCL Ankur works with startups in Energy, CleanTech and Cybersecurity.

What stage of startup does BPCL Ankur support?

BPCL Ankur supports startups at the Validation and Early Revenue stages.

How do I apply to BPCL Ankur?

BPCL कोहॉर्ट के बीच के समय में आवेदन स्वीकार नहीं करता। 2026 के सितंबर के अंत तक Elevate कोहॉर्ट बंद है और कोई नया कोहॉर्ट घोषित नहीं हुआ है, इसलिए साइट की अपनी सलाह, BPCL Ankur Fund के तहत अगला आह्वान देखते रहें, ही व्यावहारिक रास्ता है। कोहॉर्ट की खिड़कियाँ छोटी रही हैं: Emerge अप्रैल 2025 में बंद हुआ और Elevate दिसंबर 2025 में, दोनों कुछ हफ़्तों बाद। आह्वान खुलने से पहले BPCL स्टार्टअप साइट पर…

When was BPCL Ankur founded?

BPCL Ankur was founded in 2016. It is a corporate.